Nano-Structured Powders: Synthesis, Structure and Applications

This Web page is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant CBET 0626063 to Beaucage.

Quarter:  Winter, 2007
Level:  Senior & Graduate Elective
Professor:  Greg Beaucage
Department:  Materials Science and Engineering
Text:  Web notes and review articles in class.
Location:  Baldwin 749 5:00-6:15 TR

To Current Grade Sheet

Quizzes 2007: Quiz 1; Quiz 2; Quiz 3; Quiz 4; Quiz 5;
Quizzes 2005:  Quiz 1; Quiz 2; Quiz 3; Quiz 4; Quiz 5;
Quizzes 2002: Quiz 1 ; Quiz 2; Quiz 3; Quiz 4; Quiz 5; Quiz 6; Quiz 7; Quiz 8

Evaluation Winter 2002  *P.

Summary:  This 3 credit elective class is intended to give an overview of the synthesis, industrial production, characterization and applications of nano-structured ceramic, organic and hybrid powders. These materials are used for a wide range of applications including use as catalysis, chemical sensors, coatings, reinforcing fillers, and as model systems for the study of physics on the nano-scale including nano-scale confinement effects and Knudsen transport effects.  Because these powders are often composed of aggregates of nano-scale primary particles the study of nano-structured powders involves understanding mass-fractal scaling laws. The hierarchical design and function of these materials is of central interest.  The course will cover a wide range of synthetic and structural approaches including pyrolytic synthesis, sol-gel chemistry, hydrothermal processing, surfactant and sacrificial templating and natural source materials such as layered silicates.  Prerequisites for this course include a background in:
        -inorganic chemistry
        -organic chemistry
        -physical chemistry
                Web Based P-Chem
                Web Based Colloid ans Surface Chemistry
        -transport phenomena
        -physics
        -materials physics
        -growth kinetics
The course should be of interest to senior graduate students studying polymer science, ceramic science, chemical engineering, solid state physics, materials chemistry and materials science and engineering.

Syllabus:
1.  Basic Concepts of Nano-Structured Powders
            Chapter 1.pdf; Chapter 1.html Nucleation (Sugimoto)
                    Raoult's Law, Nucleation Notes MIT
            Chapter 2.pdf; Chapter 2.html Surface Nucleation/Growth (Sugimoto)
                    Short Review paper on Nucleation
                    Ostwald Ripening, LSW and other theories for rate
            Homogeneous Nucleation
            Book on Nanoparticles (available at UC IP numbers only)
            O'Connor Review Solution Synthesis.pdf (3Mb)
            Nanoparticle Dispersion in Polymers
            Aerogel Pictures, NASA, Aerogel Insulation, Knudsen Number, Nanopore Inc.
            Wikipedia Quantum Dots, Iron Oxide for Arsenic Removal (Details), NYTimes 2006

            Particle Size Distribution.pdf; PSD.html
                   NIST Gallery of Common Particle Size Distribution Functions (Appendix to previous section)
                   3 Modes of Particles in Atmospheric Aerosol Particles
            Vapor Nano-Phase Thermodynamics.pdf, Vapor Nano-Phase Thermodynammics.html
            Nano-Particle Transport in Low Density Media.pdf; Nano-Particle Transport in Low Density Media.html
                   EPA Site
            The Smoluchowski Equation and Coagulation of Nano-Particles; SmoluchowskiCoagulation.html
            Links to Smoluchowski
            Aggregate Formation.pdf; Aggregate Formation.html

            Clarkson Univ. Particle Transport, Deposition, Removal Web Notes

            Hierarchical design of materials.
            Mass-fractal morphologies.

            Top Down Formation of NanoParticles, Miani Maurigh Review
            NSF Report 1998; pdf

2.  Analytic Techniques
            Overview of analytic techniques by Delft Lab
            Differential mobility analysis (DMA)
            Small angle scattering
            XRD
            Gas absorption and pycnometry
                    UFl site, nanotec
                    Review of Gas Adsorption, Pitfalls of GA, Another Review, Yet Another Review
            Electromagnetic absorption techniques
            Transmission electron microscopy
            ICP, XPS
3.  Halide Salts and Solution Growth. (Gel-Sol Synthesis)
            Review Solution Synthesis
4.  Pyrolytic Synthesis (and Vapor/Liquid/Solid Routes) of Nano-structured Materials
            Overview of pyrolytic synthesis schemes
            Kinetic growth models for nano-structure powders
            Chemical reactions in aerosol streams
            Structure-property relationships for pyrolytic powders
            Nano-wires From VLS Routes, References.pdf
            Review of Aerosol Synthesis
5.  Sol-Gel Routes to Nano-Structured Materials
            Peptization for TiO2
            Fullerene/Sol-Gel Materials, Sidharth Patwardha
            Sol-gel chemistry, academic and industrial synthesis
            Chemical and kinetic control over nano-structure
            Supercritical processing
            Structure-property relationships for sol-gel powders.
            Hydrothermal synthesis
            POSS structures and their application
6.  Carbon Based Nano-Powders.
            Wikipedia on nanotubes.
            Reistenberg: Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Nanotubes; References
            Quanyan Wu: Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Nanotubes
            Fullerene/Sol-Gel Materials, Sidharth Patwardha
            Nano-Tube Based Polymer Composites, Jian Zhao
6.  Zeolites and Templated Powders.
            Colloid chemistry
            Multi-phase interaction in micellar systems
            Calcination protocols
            Templating techniques and tools
            Siddharth: Zeolite Synthesis by Sol-Gel Routes
7.  Layered silicates
            Polymer Clay Nanocomposites, Ayush Bafna
            Thermodynamics of intercalation and exfoliation
            Natural layered silicate processing and application
            Synthetic layered silicates
            Examples of structure property relationships for layered silicates
8.  Applications
            Magnetic Storage
            Single Electron Transistor
            Electro-Optic Devices Based on Nano-Particles, Banach, D
            Mechanical Properties, Marty Pluth
            Quanyan Wu: Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Nanotubes
            Nano-Tube Based Polymer Composites, Jian Zhao
            TiO2 Films from Micelles, A. Jadhev
            Catalysis
            Sensors
            Reinforcing fillers
            Gas storage/transport properties
            Reistenberg: Hydrogen Storage in Carbon Nanotubes

Course Requirements:

            Bi-weekly Quiz: 50% (Extra critical reviews can replace up to 3 quiz grades each.)
                    See old quizzes at top of page.
            Review of One Application of Nano-structured Powders:   25%
                    Description of Report.pdf   
                    A good site to search for current areas of interst for nano-powders is http://pubs.acs.org/cen/
                    Search by topics from UC at Web of Science
                    (Due at midterm)
            Critical Review of Paper from the Literature:  25%
                    Description of Review.pdf
                    Use Web of Science
                    (Due the last week of classes)
                    Critical Review.pdf;Critical Review.html
            Several reviews will be selected for presentation during the last week of class.  The critical review will not be required for those selected to present.


Current Grade Sheet

=>To Beaucage Homepage

*Problem (Only 3 evaluations were recorded of 21 turned in.  Problem with college system.  Student comments were also lost by college apparently.)

Copyright © 2002, 2004

Polymer Properties page, designed by / G. Beaucage / beaucag@uc.edu